The skeptical viewpoint that the Gospels were anonymous works is challenged by the testimonies of our ancient witnesses, Papias and Polycarp. They server as two primary sources that provide compelling evidence that traces the Gospels' origins directly back to the apostles, particularly John. ## Papias on John's Origins and Knowledge of All Four Gospels: ![[Papias Of Hierapolis]] ## Polycarp on the Origins of the Gospels: Irenaeus, in his writings, underscores the Gospels' direct lineage from the apostles ![[Polycarp]] Papias and Polycarp, two primary ancient sources, offer compelling evidence supporting the apostolic origins of the Gospels, especially John's. The anti-Marcionite prologues indicate that Papias documented John's Gospel. Eusebius' "Ecclesiastical History" aligns with Papias' descriptions, hinting at Papias of Hierapolis as a primary source for both Matthew and John. Additionally, Irenaeus emphasizes the Gospels' lineage from the apostles, referencing Polycarp of Smyrna, an apostolic disciple. Both of these sources were disciples of the Apostle John.